What is the primary etiology of epiglottitis?

The primary etiology of epiglottitis is indeed a bacterial infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). This bacterium is known for its role in severe respiratory infections, particularly in children, and has been historically associated with cases of epiglottitis. The inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis can lead to airway obstruction, making this condition particularly dangerous.

Prior to the widespread use of the Hib vaccine, epiglottitis was frequently caused by this organism. However, vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of these infections. The presentation of epiglottitis may include symptoms such as sudden onset of fever, difficulty swallowing, drooling, and stridor, which reflect the obstructive nature of the disease.

Other options listed, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus, or fungal infections from Candida albicans, are not typical causes of epiglottitis. While other infections may involve the throat and surrounding areas, they often do not cause the specific and acute epiglottitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b.